Guizhou： Scientific and Technological Breeding, Grasping the ＂Core＂ of Agricultural Modernization Seed Industry
Seed is the "chip" of agriculture, which is related to the food security of China people and plays a fundamental role in agricultural modernization.
This year’s Guizhou Science and Technology Innovation and Science and Technology Awards Conference proposed that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the province’s science and technology innovation and application should strive to be "ten major events", and seed industry revitalization is one of them.
Guizhou has made great efforts to initially build a platform for co-construction and sharing of germplasm resources and technologies, and by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan, more than 50 new varieties of crops with independent intellectual property rights have been bred, achieving a breakthrough of zero self-breeding varieties of livestock and poultry.
Breeding and preferred breeding
In the experimental field, different colors of rice are arranged neatly.
Purple, yellow, green and white rice with different colors are arranged neatly and shaded by each other. Under the moist drizzle, fresh and tender rice seedlings glow with vitality … …
On May 23, the reporter came to the Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Zhu Susong, director of the Institute, introduced that the breeding of excellent new rice varieties was being carried out in the experimental field.
"The perennial sown area of rice is about 10 million mu, accounting for nearly 24% of the total sown area of grain, and the output is about 4.3 million tons, accounting for about 40% of the total grain output. The output value of primary products exceeds 10 billion yuan, which has an extremely important impact on Guizhou’s food security." Zhu Susong said that the cultivation of excellent new rice varieties has changed rice varieties from tall to short and applied to hybrid rice, which has promoted the increase of rice yield per unit area and effectively guaranteed food security.
Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences is analyzing and testing rice genes.
With the improvement of people’s living standards, cultivating high-quality and high-yield rice varieties with high quality, high yield and environment-friendly quality above the national standard can meet the needs of different consumers and rice products processing, increase the income of farmers and extend the rice industry chain.
Today, Guizhou has become one of the largest hybrid rice seed production bases in China, and Cengong County has become a national base county for hybrid rice seed production. Every year, about 50 varieties are produced in our province, covering 20 high-quality rice varieties such as T Xiangyou 557, a national standard first-class hybrid rice variety bred in Guizhou, and the demand for seeds is in short supply.
The experimenter is testing the rice seedlings.
"Maize breeding in Guizhou began in the 1970s, and experienced the replacement of single ear selection, interspecific hybridization selection, local variety separation selection, second ring line separation selection and modern molecular biological auxiliary selection, and cultivated some influential maize hybrids such as Qiandan 16, Guidan 8 and Xinghuangdan 89-2, which made important contributions to the development of grain industry in Guizhou." Wu Xun, deputy director of the Institute of Dry Grain, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, introduced.
With the altitude difference of 400 meters to 2900 meters, the ecological environment is complex and changeable, there are regional differences in pests and diseases, and the demand for varieties is constantly changing. The Dry Grain Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, together with scientific research institutes and enterprises inside and outside the province, introduced tropical maize germplasm groups such as Suwan with rich genetic diversity, strong resistance to leaf diseases and excellent grain quality, and combined with the advantages of local germplasm and temperate materials in the province, successively cultivated superior maize hybrids suitable for low, medium and high altitude areas.
Domestication, quality improvement and optimization
"Guizhou Province is one of the three major potato producing provinces in China. Using traditional breeding combined with molecular breeding technology to carry out scientific and technological breeding, cultivating and popularizing new potato varieties with stronger adaptability and disease resistance is a major scientific and technological innovation project to fundamentally improve the total potato output, which will be of great significance to Guizhou’s food security, help Guizhou’s agricultural industry development and promote agricultural modernization." Li Fei, a researcher at Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, introduced.
Since 2003, Li Fei has participated in the promotion of new potato varieties, and has introduced more than 50,000 potato breeding materials and established a breeding base in Weining. The base is more than 2400 meters above sea level and has a cool climate, which is suitable for the breeding of new potato varieties.
By repeatedly testing the adaptability, high yield and disease resistance of new potato strains, and then evaluating their nutritional quality, Li Fei presided over the breeding of 3 new potato varieties resistant to late blight, participated in the breeding of 5 new potato varieties, and introduced and bred 4 new potato varieties. Among them, Qianyu No.8 is the first potato variety in Guizhou Province to obtain the national non-crop variety registration certificate, and its cumulative promotion area has exceeded 200,000 mu, with an output value of 852 million yuan.
In the Woods, Dictyophora rubra broke out from under pine needles.
"Scientific and technological breeding has greatly promoted the selection of excellent provenances with good stability, specificity and uniformity, and has played a positive role in solving the long-term provenance confusion of Gastrodia elata and Dictyophora industra in Guizhou." Zhu Guosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Crop Variety Resources of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that the excellent provenance and the integrated demonstration of supporting breeding and cultivation techniques have greatly improved the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata and Dictyophora dictyophora, shortened the production cycle, reduced the production cost, reduced the occurrence of pests and diseases, and improved the conversion rate of fungus materials.
In May, 2022, the Institute of Crop Variety Resources of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences was officially awarded the license by Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology, and the team selected Armillaria mellea No.46 with high affinity for Gastrodia elata, which has been popularized and applied in the main producing areas of Gastrodia elata in China. Six excellent strains of Dictyophora rubra and Dictyophora indusiata were selected, which have been popularized and applied for more than 100,000 mu.
Nearly ten thousand samples of edible fungi are preserved in the herbarium of Institute of Variety Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The reporter learned from the Provincial Department of Science and Technology that Guizhou has initiated 27 major projects, including research on key technologies for breeding and propagation of edible fungi and industrialization demonstration, with a support fund of 78.66 million yuan.
Identification and establishment of seed bank
"Seed industry is an important strategic industry of the country. The germplasm resources of livestock and poultry are of great strategic significance for cultivating new varieties, protecting biodiversity and realizing the sustainable development of animal husbandry. " Wu Jiahai, secretary of the Party Committee of the Provincial Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, said that local poultry breeds in Guizhou, such as Sansui Duck, Yaoshan Chicken, Qianhua Black Chicken, Southeast Guizhou Xiaoxiang Chicken, Puan Wuji Chicken and Chishui Zhuxiang Chicken, have the characteristics of good taste, strong local adaptability and high disease resistance rate.
Qian Hua Wu Ji Miao
In order to solve the problems of low egg laying rate, slow growth rate and high feeding cost of local breeds, the Institute established a live breeder bank, identified and purified genetically stable breeds, and explored the excellent genes in germplasm resources to develop high-quality products that meet market demand and consumption habits.
At present, the Institute has completed the breeding work of eight generations of Yaoshan chickens, established 1000 sets of core breeding groups of Yaoshan chickens and established 60 families. By introducing egg-laying recessive white feather chicken and crossbreeding Yaoshan chicken, Yaoshan chicken mating line with the appearance characteristics of Yaoshan chicken, fast growth speed and good egg-laying performance has been initially bred.
Breeding farm established by Provincial Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute
Collect the variety resources of Qianhua Black-bone Chicken, set up the basic population for breeding, genotype the population, sort out the blood relationship of the population, establish 30 families, and keep 1000 sets of core population.
Make a conservation plan for Sansui duck, and visit and collect the germplasm resources of Sansui duck; Building a resource farm, breeding more than 600 sets of pure breeding core population of Sansui duck and establishing 60 families; Introducing Huanong duck and carrying out hybridization experiment & HELIP; …
In the laboratory, researchers are testing poultry products.
"Agricultural modernization, seeds are the foundation. Seed industry is not simply an industry in the sense of economics, it is a firm ‘ China rice bowl ’ The root and cornerstone is easy to be ‘ Get stuck in the neck ’ Agriculture ‘ Chip ’ 。” Shi Yonghong, deputy director of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Department of the Provincial Science and Technology Department, said.
In order to accelerate the scientific and technological innovation of seed industry, since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the Provincial Science and Technology Department has provided high-level scientific and technological supply around the key common needs of seed industry innovation in modern mountainous areas of Guizhou, and has established and implemented 202 scientific and technological projects with a support fund of 150 million yuan. Driven by the project, the self-bred varieties of rare edible fungi account for more than 90%, the self-bred varieties of corn account for 54%, the self-bred varieties of wine sorghum account for more than 80%, and the self-bred varieties of fine fruits such as kiwifruit account for more than 50%. Rape varieties have a good reputation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Guizhou Daily Tianyan News reporter Zhang Ling